“耀杰不凡”致敬幕后抗疫英雄推文解讀活動
第二刊:“肛拭子”頻頻上熱門?伯杰醫療邀你一起知其所以然
近日,采集“肛拭子樣本”用于新冠篩查的新聞成為大家熱議的焦點,事件的起因是1月20日,北京新冠防控新聞發布會介紹,其已對大興某新發病例所在學校全體學生、教職工等全部進行鼻咽拭子、口咽拭子、肛拭子及血清檢測。
那么問題來了,此次北京大興為什么在篩查中增加了“肛拭子”檢測?其實,有關樣本類型檢出率這一議題,早先便有眾多學者對其進行過討論。2020年8月公布的《新型冠狀病毒肺炎診療方案(試行第八版)》中也明確表示,可以在糞便、尿液中可分離到新冠病毒。
鼻咽拭子、口咽拭子、痰液、支氣管灌洗液及肛拭子這些不同類型的標本與檢測結果之間到底存在著什么樣的聯系呢?不同的病程進展情況下,上述各樣本類型是否存在檢出差異?且聽大咖見解,一一道來~
本研究成果由深圳市第三人民醫院的劉映霞教授、劉磊教授和中科院深圳先進技術研究院的李亮教授團隊在2020年5月16日發表于胃腸病學和肝病專業領域國際排名第一的醫學雜志《胃腸病學(Gastroenterology)》,研究主題為新冠肺炎患者的腸道排毒特征及規律。
圖1. 患者糞便中 SARS-CoV-2在病程不同時間(周)的檢測情況。
解讀文獻2:Laboratory Diagnosis and Monitoring the Viral Shedding of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
本期研究收集了410例患者的3,552份呼吸道標本,包括559份口咽拭子,2,231份鼻咽拭子,696份痰標本和66 份支氣管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)樣本。在這些患者中,90例為重癥患者,320例為輕度和中度患者。
圖2. 患者狀況分布圖
不同呼吸道樣本中檢測新冠病原體
上,下呼吸道的不同檢測結果
圖3. RNA病原體的檢測狀況
1.多種樣本檢測結果互為補充,能夠有效防止漏檢:根據實驗結果,新冠不同疾病程度患者的痰樣本、鼻咽拭子、口咽拭子陽性率不同,痰液的檢出率相對較高。
2.重癥病例上呼吸道樣本檢出率低,需聯合其他輔助手段:經過上,下呼吸道的樣本檢測,一些重癥病例的上呼吸道樣本中未檢測出病毒RNA但在痰液樣本中顯示為陽性。由此可見,盡管未在上呼吸道樣本中檢測到病毒RNA,但不應將那些具有接觸史和臨床癥狀的可疑病例排除。在這種情況下,CT掃描可能為診斷COVID-19提供重要證據。
3.下呼吸道病毒脫落時間更長:研究發現,下呼吸道的病毒脫落時間可持續長達46天,這比先前發現的上呼吸道樣本的病毒脫落時間更長。在制定治療和抗擊病毒傳播的策略時,應謹慎對待新冠病毒的異常病毒脫落情況。
圖4. RNA病毒的脫落持續時長
本文中所提及的學術研究所使用的檢測試劑,來自于上海伯杰醫療科技有限公司的新型冠狀病毒2019-nCoV核酸檢測試劑盒(熒光PCR法)。此番能夠在科研合作中出一份力,伯杰醫療深感榮幸。成立以來,伯杰醫療一直專注于傳染性病原體的診斷,秉承“勇于創新,質量為先”的方針。助力檢驗科研事業的發展,伯杰醫療責無旁貸!
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